豪雅摩纳哥V4皮带轮传动系统是技术革命还是噱头的展示
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本帖最后由 52Tourbillon 于 2014-5-18 22:01 编辑

今年5月3日,我参观了在北京东方广场举办的TAG Heuer La Maison杰克∙豪雅时间博物馆。此馆记录着豪雅(TAG Heuer)家族从1860年创立至今,154年传承的制历史以及传奇的制表工艺。我在这次活动对于豪雅有了更深的认识,特别是见到了豪雅已经延续了十年的摩纳哥V4,其最核心的技术是史无前例的将皮带轮作为腕表的主要传动手段。对于这项很有时代气息的前卫产品,我只能说叹为观止。

豪雅摩纳哥V4前视图
豪雅摩纳哥V4后视图

皮带轮
在说豪雅摩纳哥V4之前,我想先给大家普及一下“皮带轮”的基本知识。皮带轮主要用于远距离传送动力的场合,采用锻造设计,材料是钢。在机械领域被广泛的应用,如小型柴油机动力的输出,农用车,拖拉机,汽车,矿山机械,机械加工设备,纺织机械,包装机械,车床,锻床,一些小马力摩托车动力的传动,农业机械动力的传送,空压机,减速器,发电机等。
传动优点
皮带轮传动能缓和载荷冲击;皮带轮传动运行平稳、低噪音、低振动;皮带轮传动的结构简单,调整方便;皮带轮传动对于皮带轮的制造和安装精度相对于啮合传动没有那么严格;皮带轮传动具有过载保护的功能;皮带轮传动的两轴中心距调节范围较大。
传动缺点
皮带轮传动有弹性滑动和打滑,传动效率较低和不能保持准确的传动比;皮带轮传动传递同样大的圆周力时,轮廓尺寸和轴上压力比啮合传动大;皮带轮传动皮带的寿命较短。

摩纳哥V4
微型皮带轮
豪雅将皮带轮引入腕表中,属于绝对的首创。那么对于大型机械使用的非常熟练地技术手段,要想进入微型机械就必须制造出微型皮带轮。这是全新的概念,虽然基本的制造思路基本一致,但是微缩到微米级别以后,制作的难度将会大大的提升,工艺性也会重新摸索。也就是说豪雅的摩纳哥V4最核心的技术攻关就是微型皮带轮如何做出来,做出来以后是否能够满足设计的要求在机芯中可以达到预期的目的。此外,还有一个必须要考虑的问题是,机芯内部的传动系统主要组成部分是原动系,传动系和显示系。那么在不同的部分使用的皮带轮应该是有区别的,原因是其受到的压迫力以及精度需求是不一样的,这就需要具体问题具体分析了。

豪雅摩纳哥V4原动系局部图

豪雅摩纳哥V4传动系局部图

技术挑战
1.最大的挑战是弯曲力矩的需求--较厚的传动带必须拥有很高的弯曲力矩,这也是造成整个制表链停止的因素,较薄的传动带的弯曲力矩降低,非常容易断裂。解决方案--使用具有良好的摩擦力以及抗老化性的锦纶类PPA材质,它是一种非塑化的粘塑聚合物,具有无定形和透明分子结构。
2.另一个挑战是传动带的批量生产--飞秒激光工艺适合制造原型,不适合批量生产。解决方案--采用高温微型注塑工艺。

技术类型
第一种是原动系统皮带轮--在机芯中有两条此类皮带轮,尺寸为0.5X0.15mm,可以负载1300g,能够承受高扭矩。由于此类皮带轮需要承受大力矩,所以在其内部设置了锦纶注塑的塑胶线内核。
豪雅摩纳哥V4原动系皮带轮设计图
第二种是传动系皮带轮—在机芯中有三条此类皮带轮,尺寸为0.25X0.07mm,可以负载130g,精度要求非常高。如此设计的理由是摆轮在摆动时的扭矩小于1微牛*米,任何细微的干扰都会对计时精度产生影响。这就要求皮带轮的厚度为0.07毫米时,误差必须小于5微米,并且皮带轮连接的传动轴之间的距离误差必须小于0.01毫米。

豪雅摩纳哥V4传动系皮带轮设计图

2014年巴塞尔高级钟表展上,豪雅推出MonacoV4十周年陀飞轮特别款腕表

豪雅摩纳哥V4陀飞轮皮带轮主传动系图

豪雅摩纳哥V4陀飞轮

现代科技的快速而有效率的发展,让多少年前只能停留在图纸上的创意,都变成了现实。原先几乎都是以平面来显示的腕表功能,如时间显示、日历等实用功能显示,以及更为高端的陀飞轮都被3D化。数控CNC设备的不断进化,为高精密微型机械零件的生产创造了优越的条件,让更多生在新时代的制表大师们有了相对于他们的前辈们更丰富的手段,把自己的杰作从纸面变成实物。豪雅将在大型机械领域司空见惯的皮带轮引入到了微机械腕表中,可以说具有划时代意义。只是我在想皮带轮是否真的是一种创新的革命性传动手段,还是一种具有时代意义的噱头?这估计需要已经购买了这款表的朋友才会有自己的直接感受。



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